![]() ![]() Despite the profiles listing identical symptoms, elementary school teachers referred more male children than female children.Īdditionally, societal beliefs make many people believe that ADHD is a condition that primarily affects boys. One older 2004 study investigated this by using fictional student profiles to see who teachers referred for an ADHD evaluation. This can influence professionals’ judgments, and it may affect who they refer to be tested for ADHD. The existence of social “norms” means that people have expectations of how people of different genders should behave. These include gender biases and symptom differences, which can lead to fewer referrals. Share on Pinterest Superb Images/Getty Imagesĭoctors underdiagnose ADHD in girls and women for several reasons. These may be either in an effort to mask their ADHD symptoms or to cope with the emotional discomfort they can cause. Women with ADHD may engage in compensatory behaviors. More research is needed, but it is likely that the hormones associated with menstruation influence ADHD behaviors. However, the research so far is limited and has produced conflicting results. ![]() Research indicates that changes in hormones during the menstrual cycle, as well as during pregnancy and menopause, may affect ADHD symptoms. For example, going to college or leaving home for the first time can exacerbate symptoms. These symptoms may be more prevalent when the person is going through a significant life transition. When girls and women have ADHD, they may present with the following symptoms: For example, although boys with ADHD are often identified as “disruptive troublemakers,” girls may be socialized to be quiet, to be reserved, and to follow the rules. Although neurological differences across sexes may be a cause, social “norms” may also play a role. These symptoms include hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. According to one 2020 review, some symptoms of ADHD are more subtle in females than males. It is also important to note that much more research is needed, particularly into ADHD in transgender and intersex individuals.ĪDHD is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. This article uses the terminology in the studies it cites. Share on Pinterest Infographic by Diego SabogalĪlthough the terms “sex” and “gender” are not interchangeable, much of the research into this topic uses them interchangeably. ![]()
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